Cambridge Advanced Dictionary
"Algebra: Noun. A part of mathematics in which signs and letters represent numbers."
Usborne Illustrated Dictionary of Maths
"Algebra is a branch of mathematicsin which letters and symbols are used to express numbers and the relationships between them. Letters from the beginning of the alphabet are used to represent known values, and letters from the end of the alphabet are used to represent unknown values."
Example:
a*(b+z)=12 a=2 b=5 What is c?
Replacing the letters with numbers result in:
2*(5+z)=12
We just have to find out what number can add with 5, then doubling the result would equal 12. Ideally this would be 1.
2*(5+1)=12
Add 5 with 1.
2*6=12
Makes sense, doesn't it? So, c=1.
Second Example:
e5+d6=y e=5 d=7
Nothing telling you what to do eh? Replacing letters. if you have e5, in means e multiplied by 5 in shorthand. That y at the end means you should find that out.
(5*5)+(7*6)=?
Multiplying the stuff in paretheses (brackets).
25+42=?
Simple addition.
25+42=67
So y=67.
Third Example:
fg=w f=5 g=25
Eeek! a long line of letters! Keep calm, don't panic, and just replace numbers, and you'll end up with:
525=w
Huh? Well, just like the e5, fg means f multiplied by g in shorthand, so it should be:
5*25=w
Well, multiplication is easy isn't it? Just treat it as a normal sum.
5*25=125
or
5*25=w=125