The domain of a function is the set of all real numbers that make sense if you plug them into the function.
In this case, if you plug in any real number x, then it makes sense, because you can square any real number, or multiply it by 2, or add or subtract it from any other real number.
So the best answer is (d).
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Examples of functions with other domains include:
f(x) = 1 / (x - 3) has the domain "all real numbers except 3," because 3 doesn't make sense if you plug it into the function, because division by zero is undefined
g(x) = √x has the domain "all real numbers greater than or equal to 0", because you can't take the square root of a negative number (at least, not in the real numbers)
h(x) = ln (x) has the domain "all real numbers greater then 0," because the natural logarithm of 0 or a negative number is undefined (at least, in the real numbers).
If you haven't yet studied logarithms or don't really understand them, then feel free to ignore that last example.