Question:
Differential Laplace Transform RC circuit?
Rett M
2008-07-30 19:39:18 UTC
I'm having trouble getting started on this problem for Differential Equations. It states:

Use the laplace transform to find the charge q(t) on the capcitor in an RC series circuit when q(0) = 0, R = 50 ohms, C = 0.01 f, and E(t) is equal to

E(t) = 0, t<1
E(t) = Eo, 1E(t) = 0, 3
I know from using the IVP method how to solve this problem, but I don't understand the laplace transforms.
Three answers:
Ron W
2008-07-31 13:11:45 UTC
The differential equation, which I assume you already have, is



dq/dt + (1/RC)q = E(t)/R



where I have assumed that E(t) is the externally applied voltage.



The Laplace transform of this equation is



-q(0)+ sQ + (1/RC)Q = (1/R)L{E(t)}



where Q is the Laplace transform of q, and L{} denotes "Laplace transform of"



From the definition, L{E(t)} is given by



3

∫ Eo e^(-st) dt

1



= Eo(-1/s) e^(-st) (evaluated at 1 and 3)

= (Eo/s)[e^(-s) - e^(-3s)]



Putting this into the Laplace transformed equation and applying the initial condition q(0) = 0,



(s + (1/RC))Q = (Eo/R)[e^(-s) - e^(-3s)]/s



Solving for Q,



Q = (Eo/R)[e^(-s) - e^(-3s)]/(s(s + (1/RC))



Using partial fraction decomposition, it is easy to show that



1/(s(s + (1/RC)) = RC[(1/s) - 1/(s + (1/RC))]



so Q may be written



Q = C Eo e^(-s)[(1/s) - 1/(s + (1/RC))] - C Eo e^(-3s)[(1/s) - 1/(s + (1/RC))]



There's a shifting theorem that says



L^(-1){e^(-as) F(s)} = U(t-a)f(t-a)



where F(s) is the Laplace transform of f(t) and U(t-a) is the unit step function



U(t-a) = 0 for t < a, U(t-a) = 1 for t > a



Since



L^(-1){[(1/s) - 1/(s + (1/RC))} 1 - e^(-t/(RC))



we get



q(t) = C Eo[(1 - e^(-(t-1)/(RC))]U(t-1) - C Eo[(1 - e^(-(t-3)/(RC))]U(t-3)



This is an elegant, if somewhat obscure, way to write a single expression for the solution for all times. More conventionally,



q(t) = 0 for t < 1

q(t) = C Eo[(1 - e^(-(t-1)/(RC))] for 1 ≤ t ≤3

q(t) = C Eo[e^(-(t-3)/(RC)) - e^(-(t-1)/(RC))] = C Eo e^(-t/(RC))[e^(3/(RC) - e^(1/(RC))] for t > 3
2016-11-10 09:32:21 UTC
Laplace Transform Rc Circuit
2016-05-23 11:13:28 UTC
Xl - Xc = 0, thus resistive. This is the maximum current, as there is no reactance. A resistive load has a unity power factor Answer is (b) current is maximum, power factor is unity Edit: Since your post received 3 thumbs up...Anita could you please explain how current is at a minimum for series LCR when Xc cancels out Xl?


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