What's the purpose of this cupcake in front of me, if I'm the only one who can eat it?
Seriously, it's about ideas. They always seem distant and esoteric at first, but they often eventually find links to other parts of mathematics, and *their* ideas.
Case in point: Fermat's last theorem.
It's an algebraic problem in integers, that any junior-high algebra student can understand, but that a parade of great mathematicians over the course of 2+ centuries failed to resolve.
In the end, the proof was achieved using the seemingly totally irrelevant field of elliptic curves.
And what real-world application has Fermat's last theorem got? None.
So far.
But it's interesting to a lot more people than can understand the proof.
When it was being developed in the early-to-mid 19th century, non-Euclidean geometry seemed about as removed from reality as you could get. But when Einstein had an idea for a theory of gravitation that would be compatible with his special relativity, it sure came in handy!
How many understand Riemann tensors and Christoffel symbols? Not many. But these things are essential in the advancement of some very important fields of science, as we saw last Thursday, with the announcement of the first detection of gravitational radiation.
If Gauss, Riemann, and Lobachevsky hadn't pioneered that field of mathematics, Einstein wouldn't have had the basis needed for the theory of gravitation we know as General Relativity; and that team of scientists wouldn't have thought to build a device that could now open a new window on the universe, and some of its most exotic behavior.