Matrices are often used to perform transformations on coordinates. They can do so in any number of dimensions. Matrices representing transformations can be multiplied together combining all of the translation matrices into one. This means that matrices can save time when performing translations, - multiple rotations, translations, enlargements, etc can be combined into one matrix and can be executed in a single matrix operation.
Matrices
A matrix is a 2D array of numbers which can have any width and height. Below is an example of a 4 by 2 matrix. Note that usually matrices are stated as height by width, not the other way around :
Matrix Math
Below are detailed (algebraicly, descriptions are given where necessary) matrix math functions (addition, multiplication)
Addition
Simply add the values of the positions to each other. This means that the matrices to be added must be the same size, - you cannot add a 4x2 to a 3x5, only to another 4x2.
Subtraction
Same as addition, but subtracting instead. Once again, matrices must be of the same size.
Multiplication
Because multiplication is a more complex process.