The Rational Roots Theorem states that if a polynomial has
-- integer coefficients, and
-- an integer, non-zero constant term
then all of the rational roots will be of the form ±(p/q) where p is an integer factor of the constant and q is an integer factor of the highest-order coefficient.
The polynomial f(x) = 3x³ - x² + 2x + 2 does have integer coefficients and an integer, non-zero constant term, so the theorem applies.
The constant is 2. Its factors are 1 and 2
The highest-order coefficient is 3. Its factors are 1 and 3.
The possible rational roots are ±1/1, ±1/3, ±2/1, and ±2/3.
Reducing to lowest terms and listing in numerical order, the possible rational roots are ±1/3, ±2/3, ±1, and ±2.